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• 產(chǎn)品描述： Auranofin is an antirheumatic agent, is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, improves arthritis symptoms including painful or tender and swollen joints and morning stiffness.

• 靶點： Antibacterial;SARS-CoV;SARS-CoV;Antibacterial

• 體外研究：
  Auranofin is a drug that is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but is being investigated for potential therapeutic application in a number of other diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders. Auranofin induces apoptosis in cells through a Bax/Bak-dependent mechanism associated with selective disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis in conjunction with oxidation of Prx3. Auranofin inhibits proliferation and survival of SKOV3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Auranofin treatment activates the pro-apoptotic caspase-3, increases protein levels of apoptosis-inducing proteins Bax and Bim and reduces the expression of the anti-apoptotic mediator Bcl-2 in SKOV3 cells. Auranofin is a lipophilic gold compound with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Auranofin inhibits the cell growth and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Treatment with auranofin significantly inhibits cell viability with an IC50 value of 2.5 μM after 24 h.

• 體內(nèi)研究：
  Prophylactic treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats with auranofin results in a slight reduction in paw edema, a complete normalization of the depressed IL-2 production, and a reduction of the elevated IL-1 production, but has no effect on the depressed IL-3 production.

• 細胞實驗： Auranofin is dissolved in DMSO. Cells are treated with auranofin (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 nM) for 72 h for the dose-dependent response assay and 100 nM of auranofin is added into the wells for 0, 24, 72 and 120 h for the time-dependent response assay. Control cultures are treated with DMSO. Cell viability is measured by the MTT assay.

• 參考文獻：
  1. Zheng X, Yang Z, Gu Q, et al. The protease activity of human ATG4B is regulated by reversible oxidative modification[J]. Autophagy. 2019 (just-accepted). 2. Park SH, et al. Auranofin displays anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cells through FOXO3 activation independent of p53. Int J Oncol. 2014 Oct;45(4):1691-8. 3. Park N, et al. Auranofin promotes mitochondrial apoptosis by inducing annexin A5 expression and translocation in human prostate cancer cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2014;77(22-24):1467-76. 4. Cox AG, et al. The thioredoxin reductase inhibitor auranofin triggers apoptosis through a Bax/Bak-dependent process that involves peroxiredoxin 3 oxidation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Oct 30;76(9):1097-109. 5. Lee JC, et al. Effect of auranofin treatment on aberrant splenic interleukin production in adjuvant arthritic rats. J Immunol. 1987 Nov 15;139(10):3268-74. 6. Zhang Y, Zhou J, Ye Q, et al. 6-Dithio-2′-deoxyguanosine analogs induce reactive oxygen species-mediated tumor cell apoptosis via bi-targeting thioredoxin 1 and telomerase[J]. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2020: 115079. 7. Xia Y, Chen J, Yu Y, et al. Compensatory combination of mTOR and TrxR inhibitors to cause oxidative stress and regression of tumors[J]. Theranostics. 2021, 11(9): 4335. 8.Lu H, Lu W, Zhu Y, et al. Auranofin Has Advantages over First-Line Drugs in the Treatment of Severe Streptococcus suis Infections[J]. Antibiotics. 2021, 10(1): 26.

• 溶解性： soluble  in  DMSO

• 保存條件： -20℃

• 配置溶液濃度參考：
  

  	1mg	5mg	10mg
  1 mM	1.474 ml	7.369 ml	14.739 ml
  5 mM	0.295 ml	1.474 ml	2.948 ml
  10 mM	0.147 ml	0.737 ml	1.474 ml
  50 mM	0.029 ml	0.147 ml	0.295 ml

• 注意：部分產(chǎn)品我司僅能提供部分信息，我司不保證所提供信息的權(quán)威性，僅供客戶參考交流研究之用。

• 3. [3.4] Yang Rui et al."Pharmacological Inhibition of TXNRD1 by a Small Molecule Flavonoid Butein Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells."BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH.2024 Aug;:1-12

• 2. [IF=5.8] Wenyan She et al."Discovery of novel organoarsenicals as robust thioredoxin reductase inhibitors for oxidative stress mediated cancer therapy."BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY.2023 Nov;:115908

• 1. [10.787] Xiuli Chen et al."Gold(I) selenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria via inhibiting thioredoxin reductase."Redox Biology.2023 Apr;60:102621

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本計算器可幫助您計算出特定溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量、溶液濃度和體積之間的關(guān)系，公式為：

質(zhì)量 (mg) = 濃度 (mM) x 體積 (mL) x 分子摩爾量 (g/mol)

• pg ng μg mg g kg =
  fM pM nM μM mM M *
  nL μL mL L *